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Tribe of Issachar
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Issachar () was one of the Tribes of Israel.
Following the completion of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelite tribes after about 1200 BCE,〔Kitchen, Kenneth A. (2003), ''On the Reliability of the Old Testament'' (Grand Rapids, Michigan. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company)(ISBN 0-8028-4960-1)〕 Joshua allocated the land among the twelve tribes. The territory which it was allocated was immediately north of (the western half of) Manasseh, and south of Zebulun and Naphtali, stretching from the Jordan River in the east, to the coast in the west; this region included the fertile Esdraelon plain. ()
==Origin==
According to the Torah, the tribe consisted of descendants of Issachar, the ninth son of Jacob, and a son of Leah, from whom it took its name; however some biblical scholars view this also as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation.〔''Peake's commentary on the Bible''〕 According to this biblical passage, the name ''Issachar'' refers to Leah ''hiring'' Jacob's sexual favours at the cost of some mandrakes; this ''suggests'' the etymology is ''ish-sachar'', literally meaning ''man of hire'', though the Bible says it means ''reward'' or ''recompense'', in reference to Issachar being the result of Jacob being hired (Gen 30:17).
A number of people think that some of the Israelite tribes actually originated as part of the sea peoples.〔Yigael Yadin ''And Dan, Why Did He Remain in Ships''〕 Issachar may be one of these, since in Egyptian accounts there is a tribe of sea peoples named ''Shekelesh''; ''Shekelesh'' is here believed to be composed from ''shekel-ish'', meaning ''men of the shekel'', a meaning synonymous with Issachar's ''man of hire''. The biblical passage in which Leah is described as Issachar's matriarch is one which is regarded by some textual scholars as having been spliced together from its sources in a manner which has highly corrupted the narrative; Leah as a matriarch is interpreted to suggest that the text's authors believed the tribe to be one of the original Israelite groups, and it is having a ''handmaiden''—Bilhah or Zilpah—as a matriarch that would have indicated a foreign origin.〔 In the ancient Song of Deborah, Issachar is closely associated with Naphtali, which itself does have a ''handmaiden'' as matriarch, and at one point the text appears to have been changed by the word ''Issachar'' being inserted instead of ''Naphtali''.〔
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